●米陸軍の新兵訓練 その1(訳:俺) ------------------------------------ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recruit_training 米陸軍では、新兵は軍職業所が選ぶ基本訓練所に送られる。基本訓練は2つ部分に分かれ通常は別々の 場所で行われる。 基本戦闘訓練(Basic Combat Training, or BCT)は10週間行われ、高等戦闘訓練(Advanced Individual Training)は 訓練所によって期間が異なるが6週間から1年である。全ての歩兵訓練所では16週間の基本訓練プログラムがある。 In the U.S. Army, recruits are sent to Basic Training in a location chosen by the military Military Occupational Specialty, or MOS, which is selected upon enlistment. Basic training is divided into two parts, which commonly take place at two different locations, depending on the chosen MOS: Basic Combat Training, or BCT, is a ten-week training period. Advanced Individual Training, or AIT, is where new soldiers receive specific training in their chosen MOS. The length of AIT training varies depending on the MOS and can last anywhere from six weeks to one year. All 11b (infantry) MOSs have a 16-week basic training program.
●ドイツの徴兵制度 その1(訳:俺) ------------------------------------ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_in_Germany ドイツの徴兵 基本訓練は2ヶ月の戦闘訓練と4ヶ月の専門訓練からなる。徴兵された兵士は通常は最後1等兵となる。 徴兵されている間は、健康診断、住居費、食費、帰宅への交通費が無料となる。 また1日約9ユーロから11ユーロ(1200円〜1400円)の日給と多少のボーナスがある。 徴兵された者が本人の意志に反して実際の紛争に配備されることはできない。 アフガンやコソボでも職業軍人と志願兵のみだった。 Basic training (Allgemeine Grundausbildung) consisted of two months of combat training, then four months service at the assigned post. The conscripted soldier would normally reach the rank of Obergefreiter (NATO code OR-3, comparable to U.S. Army Private First Class). During his service, he got free health care, housing, food, and a railway ticket allowing him to travel between his home and the military base. Conscripts got paid[when?] between ?9.41 and ?10.95 per day of basic pay (depending on rank) plus several bonus payments such as distance-from-home pay, additional food pay for days absent from service and others. Conscripts could not be deployed to active service in conflicts against their will. The German contributions to forces such as ISAF in Afghanistan or KFOR in Kosovo exclusively comprise professional soldiers and volunteers. Conscripts who wished to partake in such missions must have volunteered for a service extension.
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●ドイツの徴兵制度 その2 ------------------------------------ 軍事面での論争 徴兵停止法案へ反対する人の主張によると、6ヶ月に短縮するということは徴兵を価値の無いもの する、なぜなら訓練が短すぎるから。それに対して無いよりはマシだし、それによって 市民を彼らの軍隊と切り離されない、との反論がある。 もう1つの恐れは、徴兵を超える上位職の志願者を捜すのが難しくなる点である。 階級の高い将兵は最初は徴兵されてその後自主的に志願した者が多いからだ。 Military arguments Military detractors of the draft claimed that shortening the service to six months, which was necessary to accommodate a constant number of conscripts in a shrinking army, had made conscription worthless because conscripts receive too little training. Military proponents countered that some service is better than none at all, bringing citizens in contact with their military and thereby countering above-mentioned fears of a disconnection between military and society. Another factor was the armed forces' difficulty to find volunteers for senior positions beyond the conscript level. Many soldiers in advanced ranks were recruited from former conscripts who volunteer to extend their service. Abolishing the draft could close this pathway into the military.
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●ドイツの徴兵制度 最後 ------------------------------------ 財政面での論争 徴兵を停止した米国やフランスの経験に依れば、職業軍隊は徴兵をベースにした軍隊よりもコストが高くなる。 職業軍は募集のため高い給与を払う必要があり、広告費用もかかる。職業軍は民間企業と給与の競争を 強いられる。 Financial arguments Experiences of countries who have abolished draft, especially the USA and France, show that professional armed forces can be more expensive than a draft-based military. Professional armies need to pay their soldiers higher wages, and have large advertising expenses to attract sufficient numbers of able recruits. The above-mentioned difficulties in recruiting soldiers for advanced ranks, as well as difficulties in retaining such higher-ranking soldiers whose term of service time ends, indicates that a professional army might have to make considerable financial efforts to be competitive as an employer.
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●スイスの徴兵(訳:俺) ------------------------------------ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_service スイスの徴兵 スイスでの徴兵は連邦憲法に定められていて必須となっている。18週間か21週間(兵種による) の基本訓練を行い同様に毎年3週間の訓練を行う。それは階級が上がるごとに増える徴兵期間に 達するまで続く(2等兵で260日)。毎年の訓練の替わりに一度に行うこともできる。 女性の徴兵は任意であるが全ての面で同等である。基本訓練の医学的徴兵猶予と免除は 最後の年で非常に増える(しばしば疑わしい理由)。そのため本当にの基本訓練を完了する スイス人男性は、55%から60%である。 Switzerland Military service for Swiss men is obligatory according to the Federal Constitution, and includes 18 or 21 weeks of basic training (depending on troop category) as well as annual 3-week-refresher courses until a number of service days which increases with rank (260 days for privates) is reached. (It is also possible to serve the whole requirement at one piece, meaning no refresher courses are required.) Service for women is voluntary, but identical in all respects. Conscientious objectors can choose 390 days of community service instead of military service. Medical deferments and dismissals from basic training (often on somewhat dubious grounds) have increased significantly in the last years. Therefore, only about 55% to 60% of Swiss men actually complete basic training.